Wednesday, December 5, 2007

Processing: how to lower audio latency using Sonia

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"Latency is basically longest time that you have to wait before you obtain a desired result. For digital audio output it is the time between making a sound in software and finally hearing it."


In these days I've been working on an audio project using Processing and the amazing Sonia library by Amit Pitaru.

Sonia is a powerful and easy to use tool to play,record,generate,manipulate audio in real time in Processing built on top of JSyn , a blazing fast audio synthesis and manipulation plugin for Java.

The only problem I've met using these tools is the latency with which, by default, the audio is then managed in Processing :



as you can see the default latency is almost half a second, quite a long time in audio terms.

The most basic implication of this is for example that 417 milliseconds must pass before actually hear the sound once the play button is pressed.

Researching a bit about this topic I found this topic on the Processing forum about "Sound and latency", Amit gives a hint about how to patch this problem:

"on a pc, i created a new batch file called runSonia.bat in the main processing directory, with the following two commands in it:

SET PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC=50
processing.exe

this will set the jsyn latency to 50ms and then run processing. if you get click-pop sounds, than increase the latency until its resolved."


This actually worked for me taking my latancy from 417ms to 60ms, a much better result:



The problem is that this is only a temporary solution, in fact the patch applies only when the runSonia.bat is first run and then Processing is evoked by it gaining the new latency settings, but if runSonia is not run , then the 417ms latency is still there in Processing.

A solution emerged in a post by Phil Burk, the creator of JSyn, linking to a very interesting document about PortAudio and latency, in which is clarified how to set a "permanent" environmental variable that controls the latency values for all the applications related to PortAudio, here's the extract:

" Macintosh:

The best thing you can do to improve latency on Mac OS 8 and 9 is to turn off Virtual Memory. PortAudio V18 will detect that Virtual Memory is turned off and use a very low latency.

For Mac OS X the latency is very low because Apple Core Audio is so well written. You can set the PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC variable using:

setenv PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC 4

Unix:

PortAudio under Unix currently uses a backgroud thread that reads and writes to OSS. This gives you decent but not great latency. But if you raise the priority of the background thread to a very priority then you can get under 10 milliseconds latency. In order to raise your priority you must run the PortAudio program as root! You must also set PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC using the appropriate command for your shell.

Windows:

For Windows XP, you can set environment variables as follows:
  1. Select "Control Panel" from the "Start Menu".
  2. Launch the "System" Control Panel
  3. Click on the "Advanced" tab.
  4. Click on the "Environment Variables" button.
  5. Click "New" button under User Variables.
  6. Enter PA_MIN_LATENCY_MSEC for the name and some optimistic number for the value.
  7. Click OK, OK, OK. "
Thanks to this solution the latency can be set permanently on your machine.

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